Izincedisi zomlimi (zecandelo lemken kunye nekverneland)
Ingcaciso yeMveliso
Zonke iimveliso zenziwe ngentsimbi ye-boron ephezulu, emva kokubunjwa kunye nokulungiswa kokushisa ukushisa, ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso inobunzima obaneleyo kunye nokumelana nokugqoka.Iimveliso zithunyelwa eRashiya, eLithuania, eSpain nakwamanye amazwe, emva kovavanyo lweemarike ezingenakubalwa ngabathengi, ukusebenza kakuhle kwayo kudidi lokuqala.
Uphawu
Ukuhlakula sisenzo esibalulekileyo kwezolimo esibandakanya ukuqhekeza kunye nokukhulula umhlaba ukudala imeko-bume elungele ukukhula kwezityalo.Izixhobo zokulima zidlala indima ebalulekileyo kule nkqubo, ziphucula ukusebenza kweemveliso ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini bezolimo ezifana neGran, iRackon kunye noJohn Deere.Ezi zincedisi ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yomzimba wekhuba kwaye zivumela amafama ukuba alime umhlaba ngokulula, ukuphucula i-porosity yomhlaba kunye nokudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokukhula kwezityalo.Kweli nqaku, siza kuphonononga iimpawu ezisibhozo eziphambili zezincedisi zomlimi eziyimfuneko kulimo olusebenzayo nolunemveliso.
1. Ukuqina:Izixhobo zomlimi zenziwe ngezinto ezikumgangatho ophezulu ukuqinisekisa ukuqina kwazo kunye nobomi benkonzo.Ziyilelwe ukuba zimelane nokuguga kwemisebenzi yezolimo ecela umngeni, nto leyo eyenza ibe lutyalo-mali oluluqilima kumafama.
2. Ukuguquguquka:Ezi zixhobo ziyahambelana noluhlu lweemveliso zoomatshini bezolimo, kubandakanya iGran, iRackon kunye noJohn Deere.Oku kuhambelana kuvumela amafama ukuba abasebenzise ngeemodeli ezahlukeneyo zoomatshini, ukubonelela ngezinto ezininzi kunye nokuguquguquka kwimisebenzi yezolimo.
3. Ngokuchanekileyo:Izixhobo zokulima ziyilwe ngokuchanekileyo ukukhulula ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuphefumla umhlaba.Ngokwaphula ngocoselelo umhlaba odityanisiweyo, ezi zincedisi zinceda ekudaleni indawo efanelekileyo yeengcambu zezityalo, zikhuthaza ukukhula kwezityalo okunempilo, okunamandla ngakumbi.
4. Ukusebenza kakuhle:Ezi zincedisi ziyilwe ngokufanelekileyo engqondweni.Bakhulisa inkqubo yokulima, bevumela amafama ukuba alime imimandla emikhulu yomhlaba ngexesha elingephi.Ngoncedo lwabo, abalimi banokwandisa imveliso kwaye bazuze izivuno eziphezulu.
5. Ufakelo olulula:Izincedisi zomlimi zisebenziseka lula kwaye kulula ukuzifaka.Bancamathela ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngokukhuselekileyo koomatshini bezolimo, beqinisekisa ukufakwa okungenangxaki.Olu ncedo lusindisa ixesha namandla amafama, lubavumela ukuba bagxile kakhulu kwimisebenzi yabo yokufama.
6. Ukwenziwa ngokwezifiso:Abavelisi babonelela ngezincedisi zokulima kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo kunye nobukhulu, ukuvumela amafama ukuba enze izixhobo ngokwezidingo zabo ezithile.Olu hlengahlengiso luqinisekisa ukuba amafama angakwazi ukuziqhelanisa noomatshini babo kwiintlobo ezahlukeneyo zomhlaba kunye nezenzo zokulima, okongezelelekileyo ukwandisa ukusebenza kwawo kunye nemveliso.
7. Ukuphucula impilo yomhlaba:Injongo ephambili yezixhobo zokulima kukuphucula i-porosity yomhlaba.Ngokwenza ubume bomhlaba obukhululekileyo nobungena umoya kakuhle, ezi zincedisi zongeza ukungena kwamanzi, ubukho bezondlo, kunye nophuhliso lweengcambu, ngaloo ndlela zikhuthaza impilo yomhlaba jikelele.
8. Ukusebenza kweendleko eziphezulu:Izixhobo zomlimi zinexabiso elikhulu lemali.Amaxabiso afikelelekayo xa kujongwa uncedo olubalulekileyo abaluzisayo kwimisebenzi yokufama.Ukwenza utyalo-mali kwizincedisi ezikumgangatho ophezulu kunokubonelela amafama ukonga iindleko zexesha elide kunye nengeniso ephuculweyo.
Lilonke, izincedisi zabalimi zizinto ezibalulekileyo kubalimi abafuna ukwandisa inkqubo yabo yokulima nokwandisa izivuno zabo zezityalo.Ngolwakhiwo lwabo oluhlala ixesha elide, ukuguquguquka kuzo zonke iintlobo zoomatshini basefama, kunye nobunjineli obuchanekileyo, ezi zincedisi zinegalelo ekusebenzeni ngokufanelekileyo, kokulima okunemveliso.Ukufakela ngokulula, ukhetho lokulungelelanisa, kunye nokukwazi ukuphucula impilo yomhlaba ngakumbi ukomeleza ukubaluleka kwabo kulimo lwangoku.Ngokudibanisa izixhobo zokulima kwizixhobo zezolimo, abalimi banokudala eyona ndawo ilungileyo yokukhula kwezityalo zabo, ekugqibeleni bazuze isivuno esiyimpumelelo kunye nenzuzo ephezulu.
Isicelo
Izixhobo zokulima ziye zaba zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kumafama kunye nabalimi begadi ukuze balime umhlaba wabo ngokufanelekileyo kwaye bafezekise ukukhula kwezityalo.Ezi zincedisi zenziwe ngentsimbi ye-boron ekumgangatho ophezulu ngokuqulunqwa ngononophelo kunye neenkqubo zonyango lobushushu, ziqinisekisa ukuqina okugqwesileyo kunye nokunganyangeki.Eyaziwayo ngokusebenza kakuhle kweklasi yokuqala, ezi mveliso zingene ngempumelelo kwiimarike zamazwe ngamazwe ezifana neRashiya, iLithuania, neSpain.Kweli nqaku, siza kujonga nzulu kwizicelo ezintandathu eziphambili zezixhobo zokulima kwaye siqaqambise ukubaluleka kwazo kwimisebenzi yezolimo.
1.Ukulungiswa komhlaba:
Injongo ephambili yezixhobo zokulima kukulungiselela umhlaba wokutyala.Amagqabi abukhali kwaye anamandla aqhekeza ngokulula umhlaba odibeneyo, asuse ukhula kunye nenkunkuma, kwaye enze i-seedbed efanelekileyo.Nokuba uceba ukulima imifuno, iintyatyambo, okanye uqale ingca entsha, ezi zixhobo ziya kuqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba wakho ulungele ukutyalwa ngempumelelo.
2. Ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula:
Ukhula lukhuphisana ngezondlo ezibalulekileyo emhlabeni, nto leyo echaphazela kakubi ukukhula kwezityalo.Izixhobo zokulima zingayicombulula ngempumelelo le ngxaki ngokuncothula ukhula kwaye lubathintele ekukhuleni kwabo.Ezi zincedisi zibonakalisa imiphetho ebukhali kunye nolwakhiwo olomeleleyo olunciphisa kakhulu ixesha kunye nomzamo ofunekayo wokususa ukhula ngesandla.
3. Ukugcinwa kwebhedi yembewu:
Ukugcina imeko kunye nobume bembewu kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwembewu ngeyona ndlela ilungileyo nokukhula kwesityalo.Izixhobo zokulima zinceda ukuqhekeza amagada, ukususa amatye, kunye nomgangatho womhlaba.Lo msebenzi ubalulekileyo uqinisekisa ukusasazeka kwembewu kwaye ukhuthaza nokuhluma kwezityalo.
4. Ukudibanisa izichumisi:
Ukufakwa kwesichumiso okusebenzayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukufumaneka kwezondlo zezityalo.Izixhobo zomlimi zilungile ekufakeni isichumiso emhlabeni, ziphucula ukufunxwa kwezityalo kwezondlo kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula okunempilo.Uyilo lwayo oluhlala luvumela ukuba isichumisi sisasazwe ngokucokisekileyo nangokulinganayo, ukwandisa ukusebenza kwayo.
5. Ukungenisa umoya emhlabeni:
Ukukhula kwesityalo esisempilweni kufuna umhlaba ongene umoya kakuhle njengoko ukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu kunye nomsebenzi wemicrobial.Izixhobo zokulima zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekungeneni komoya womhlaba ngokwenza imingxuma elinganayo okanye imisele.Oku kuphucula ukungena kwamanzi, ukuthatyathwa kwezondlo kunye nokujikeleza kwe-oxygen, okukhokelela kwizityalo eziphilileyo.
6. Ukudibanisa okungaphezulu:
I-mulching yindlela edumileyo yokugcina ukufuma komhlaba, ukucinezela ukukhula kokhula, kunye nokulawula ubushushu bomhlaba.Izincedisi zokulima zifakela isigcina-kufuma emhlabeni, siqinisekisa ukuba sisasazwa ngokuchanekileyo kwizityalo zakho.Obu buchwephesha bongeza iinzuzo zokugquma kwaye buphucula imveliso yezityalo kunye nempilo yezityalo iyonke.
Lilonke, izixhobo zokulima zibonakalise ukuba zizixhobo eziyimfuneko kumafama anamhlanje kunye nabalimi begadi.Ngokuguquguquka kwazo kunye nolwakhiwo olomeleleyo, ezi zincedisi zigubungela uluhlu lwemisebenzi ebalulekileyo efana nokulungisa umhlaba, ukutshatyalaliswa kokhula, ugcino lwebhedi yembewu, ukuchumisa, ukungena komoya womhlaba kunye nokufakwa kwesigcina-kufuma.Ezi zixhobo zenziwe ngentsimbi ye-boron ephezulu, ehamba ngokungqongqo kunye neenkqubo zokunyanga ukushisa ukubonelela ngobunzima obungenakulinganiswa kunye nokumelana nokunxiba.Ukusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo kuye kwaqinisekiswa ngovavanyo lwemarike kumazwe amaninzi, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe lukhetho oludumileyo phakathi kweengcali zezolimo kwihlabathi jikelele.
